The Korean Public Administration Review (KPAR), which has published quarterly volumes since its establishment in 1967, is the official journal of the Korean Association for Public Administration(KAPA). As a scholarly journal, KPAR not only hold the highest authority in the field of public administration in South Korea, but also in social science. Since the National Research Foundation of Korea began evaluating journals, KPAR has been listed in the Korea Citation Index (KCI) journal index.
The revisited government-citizenship relationship in the post-COVID-19 period 포스트 코로나 시대의 정부역할과 시민문화
박광국 Park Kwang Kook , 김정인 Kim Jungin
DOI:10.18333/KPAR.54.3.1 Vol.54(No.3) 1-30, 2020
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a fear and feared presence worldwide, and it has a significant impact on citizens' lives in all aspects of health care, politics, economy, and society. How will the government-citizenship relationship change in the post-COVID-19 era? We empirically examined the relationships among COVID-19 confirmed numbers, COVID-19 death numbers, governmental scope, governmental capacity (strength), and civic culture by using correlation analysis among OECD 35 countries. The results reveal that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths were low in countries with broad governmental scope and high governmental capacity (strength), especially in countries with higher collectivist civic culture than individualistic civic culture. Considering this, in the post-COVID-19 era it is highly likely that a strong government with a broad governmental scope and high governmental capacity (strength), based on community civic culture, will emerge. A strong government is not just a large-scale government, an exclusive and authoritative government, but a government based on mutual trust with citizens and increasing government roles through active participation and cooperation of citizens. Our study is meaningful as a preliminary study on reestablishing civil relations with government in the post-COVID-19 period.
Key Words
civic culture, government role, post-COVID-19, strong government, 강한 정부, 시민문화, 정부역할, 포스트 코로나
It is clear that police officers are also the subject of human rights. This research studied the process in which street-level police officers' awareness of human rights was formed through their experiences in the organization and in the field. Therefore, this study is distinguished from prior research that centers on the role and duty of police officers as human rights protectors of the people. There is a lack of prior research on the human rights of street-level police officers, and there is a need for qualitative research on the context, considering the aspects of experience in a special working environment. Specifically, the research was conducted using grounded theory. The analysis results are as follows. Police officers experienced a variety of discrimination and human rights violations inside and outside the police organization due to an emphasis on performance, a strict organizational culture, unclear work boundaries, and irrational instructions. Under these circumstances, police officers mostly take strategies to endure the pain, while feeling stress and shame. So in the end, police officers feel a sense of human rights deprivation: “I am a person without human rights.” The gap between the goal of protecting the human rights of the people and their own sense of human rights is emerging for officers. In this study, improvement of quantitative performance indicators, review of human rights education methods, strengthened psychological support, and solidified procedural justice are proposed as improvement measures.
Key Words
human rights, street-level police officer, sense of human rights deprivation, grounded theory, policing competitiveness, 인권, 일선 경찰관, 인권박탈감, 근거이론, 치안경쟁력
The citizen participation process involves citizens, local governments, and experts in various fields. Theoretical and practical interests are shifting from the normative justification of citizen participation to its outcomes. Research has so far focused mainly on the design of expanded systems of citizen participation, but research on the role of experts and citizens' perceptions of these expanded roles and outcomes is insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to present related theoretical and practical implications by identifying subjective perceptions of citizens and their views on actors in citizen participation (citizens, local governments, and experts) and outcomes of citizen participation through Q methodology. The results show that the perceptions of citizen participation include citizen participation support (performance recognition), distrust of citizen participation, and citizen-local government cooperation. This study suggests that the importance of citizen-local government-expert communication and the role of local government in citizen participation should be multifunctional.
Key Words
actors of citizen participation, outcomes of citizen participation, perceptions of citizen participation, 시민참여주체, 시민참여성과, 참여인식
This study analyzes the effect of the level of public service provided by local governments on the settlement intention of residents. In order to perform this study, five main areas of local public service were identified (education and welfare, regional economy, environment, transportation, and local administration), and participants were divided into three groups according to their level of needs satisfaction with the level of public services (satisfaction group, deficit group, partial satisfaction group). We then analyzed the effect of each service type on the settlement intention of each group. The results of analysis show that public service in all five areas had a significant effect on improving the settlement intention of all respondents. On the other hand, in four service areas, excluding local administration services, there was a difference in the impact on settlement intention for each needs group. Regional economic services and environmental services had a significant effect on the formation of a settlement intention of the group whose needs were met by those services. In the case of the deficiency group, the traffic communication service and the educational welfare service were found to have a significant effect on settlement intention. Different service domains were derived as meaningful variables according to the level of satisfaction of residents’ needs, and it was found that the group where the needs were partially satisfied had a significant effect in all five domains. These results show the need to consider the characteristics of residents' needs in designing public service policies of local governments to form a more livable environment, and they confirm the importance of supplying quality local administrative services.
Key Words
public services, settlement intention, needs, local government, 공공서비스, 정주의식, 욕구, 지방정부
The effects of competition among local governments on fiscal expenditure: Focusing on the moderating effect of political factors 지방정부의 경쟁이 재정지출에 미치는 영향: 정치적 요인의 조절효과를 중심으로
This study empirically examines the spatial interaction of all local financial expenditures based on the yardstick competition model of Besley and Case (1995) when considering the political incentives of the head of the local government and the expenditure of neighboring local governments at the same time. The results show that the influence of neighboring local government spending related to developmental and redistributive policies will be stronger and spatial correlation will also increase when the competition in previous elections was severe and the result of the next election is uncertain, the timing of the next election comes, and when consecutive terms in a row is possible. While these political incentives affect the impact of the neighborhood's influence on developmental and redistributive policy expenditures, the allocation policy does not moderate the impact of the neighborhood effect on spending. In other words, it was confirmed that spending related to different types of policies differed in its effectiveness as election-related inducements by local government leaders.
The function of the residential property tax in the context of prices of regional public services in Seoul 주택분 재산세의 가격기능에 관한 연구: 서울시 25개 자치구 공공서비스를 대상으로
The purpose of this study is to understand the role of the progressive property tax system in South Korea. To this end, we analyze the variation in the effect of public financial variables, such as the quality of regional public services and property tax rates, on regional house prices using a hedonic house price model. In this analysis, we measure the benefits of regional public services for the house owners whose property taxes are determined using different tax rates. Our results show that house owners who are liable to pay higher property tax rates benefit more from the regional public services that are mostly financed by local property taxes than house owners who pay lower property tax rates. These results imply that the progressive tax system can function as a benefit tax system.
Key Words
benefit tax, property tax, hedonic house price model, 응익과세, 재산세, 헤도닉 부동산 가격모형
This research suggests the possibility of overcoming the limitations that the current care system for infants and toddlers is confronted with, through the spirit and practices of caring possessed by members in caring communities. The findings show that first, through active participation by all people involved in providing care, it is possible to deconstruct unequal structures in caring responsibility. Second, communications can be a good tool in enabling members to take part in care activities on an equal basis. Third, intimate and reliable relationships among members improve the maintenance of community values and the respect toward care workers. Fourth, active participation in providing care by community members has helped them recognize the values of caring again, which has contributed not only to caring at the family or workplace level but also the publicness of caring at the societal level. These findings are in line with the concept of “together caring” proposed by Tronto (2013) and imply that experiences in a caring community can contribute to changes in the recognition of caring values and the fulfillment of democratic caring.
Key Words
value of caring, caring community, phenomenological research, 돌봄의 가치, 육아공동체, 현상학적 체험 연구
Analyzing the effect of youth basic income on recipients’ entrepreneurship and intention to take on new challenges, using a natural experiment 경기도 청년기본소득은 도전을 자극하는가: 자연실험을 활용한 경기도 청년기본소득의 효과 분석
이선영 Lee Sun Young , 신현기 Shin Hyunki , 정종원 Cheong Jong One
This study analyzes the effect of the Youth Basic Income, which was implemented in Gyeonggi Province from April 2019, using a natural experiment. Anyone who is eligible for Youth Basic Income must meet two requirements: be 24 years old as of 2019 (i.e. born in 1994-1995) and live in Gyeonggi Province. In university A, located on the border between Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, happened a natural experiment in which the eligibility for Youth Basic Income was randomly assigned according to their residence among relatively homogeneous students living in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul. Using this natural experiment, this study analyzed the effect of the Youth Basic Income on the recipients’ entrepreneurship and intention to take on new challenges, based on the consideration that a basic income, which does not require working conditions, would stimulate individuals to move away from wage labor and engage in various works and activities. It was found that according to the 2SLS analysis, which used the residential requirement that created the natural experiment as instrumental variable(IV), there was no significant change in recipients’ entrepreneurship and intention to take on new challenges. However, this finding should not be interpreted as the null effectiveness of basic income because Youth Basic Income was far from the ideal type of basic income.
This study analyzes the cause of the low level of work-family reconciliation policies in Korea in terms of policy consistency. For this, the consistency of individual policy instruments, the consistency between policy instruments, and the factors influencing consistency between policy instruments were reviewed. Although individual policy instruments strengthened the consistency with the sub-goals of preventing a career break for married women, institutionalizing child care, and supporting work continuity, inconsistency among the instruments deepened due to disconnection and incomplete linkage of those sub-goals. In particular, the integration of low fertility and economic issues of married women, rapid policy changes before and after elections, and the different interests of the target groups have deepened the complex nature and mismatch of policies. Therefore, the government needs to come up with a strategy to converge policy issues that are difficult to reconcile and to strengthen the policy glue so that interactions among policy actors can be linked to discourse formation and decision making.
Key Words
work family reconciliation policies, policy instrument, policy consistency, 일·가정 양립 지원정책, 정책수단, 정책 정합성
A study on the effect of anti-solicitation by using expectancy disconfirmation theory: Focusing on the relationship between policy expectations, policy satisfaction, and government trust 기대불일치 이론을 적용한 청탁금지법 효과 연구: 정책기대, 정책만족, 정부신뢰의 경로를 중심으로
This study empirically verifies the effects of policy expectations and perceptions of policy outcomes on perceived policy effects through the Anti-Solicitation Act. For the purpose of conducting the study, the concept, performance, and effect of the Anti-Charging law were conceptualized based on the expectations-disagreement paradigm. The results reveal that the anticipation of the Anti-Solicitation Act had a significant effect on the recognition of the Anti-Solicitation Act's performance. However, the anticipation of the Anti-Solicitation Act did not directly affect the recognition of the effects of the Anti-Solicitation Act, but had an indirect effect through the recognition of the Anti-Solicitation Act’s performance. In addition, the recognition of the effect through the Anti-solicitation Act was found to have a significant effect on government trust.
Key Words
Anti-Solicitation Act, Kim Young-ran Act, policy expectations, perceptions of policy outcome, perceived policy effects, government trust, 청탁금지법, 김영란법, 기대불일치, 청탁자, 공직자, 정책 기대, 투명성, 책임성, 정부신뢰
